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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malign-ancy in clinic. The prognosis of patients remains extremely poor because of the high malignancy and easy recurrence and metastasis of HCC. In recent years, the roles of platelets in promoting the malignant progression of HCC have increasingly attracted much attention. It is known that platelets could promote HCC cells proliferation and invasion through tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, platelets are capable to promote HCC cells distant metastasis by facilitating tumor cells evasion of immune surveillance. Besides, the platelet-derived growth factors and proangiogenic factors are also involved in the proliferation, invasiveness, and neovascularization of HCC. In addition, patients with HCC normally have a background of cirrhosis, and it is still controversial that whether the thrombocytopenia by portal hypertension and hypersplenism can promote the malignant progress of HCC. In view of this, the diagnostic and prognostic value of platelet levels, as well as platelet-associated scores in HCC have increasingly become research focus. The authors elaborate the detailed mechanisms of platelets in malignant progression of HCC, and discuss the recent research progress of platelets as effective diagnostic or prognostic tools for the assessment of HCC, which is of great importance to optimize the current treatment regimen and explore novel therapeutic strategies against HCC.
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Objective:To construct the concept and its conceptual framework of hospital health literacy(HHL) for exploring the HHL promotion mechanism in the country.Methods:Based on the proceduralised grounded theory, twelve middle or senior managers of hospitals were selected for in-depth interviews and three hospitals were selected for field research from July 2021 to February 2022. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used in data analysis, establishing the concept of HHL and its conceptual framework in China.Results:The conceptual framework of HHL was composed of an internal driver mechanism(hospitals improve their health literacy promotion management system, staff-led health literacy promotion, health literacy promoting physical environment construction), and an external driver mechanism(cooperate with external organizations and institutions to conduct health literacy promotion). The concept of HHL in China was derived as follows: the combination of supportive environments and human resources that health care organizations have in place can improve access and understandability of health information and simplify healthcare services to help patients of different health literacy levels more easily obtain, process, and understand health information as well as to make the most of medical services.Conclusions:Hospital health literacy promotion mechanism in China is a synergy between internal and external driver mechanisms.
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Objective:To translate the health literate healthcare organization 10 item questionnaire(HLHO-10) into Chinese and examine its reliability and validity.Methods:The Chinese version of HLHO-10 questionnaire(HLHO-10-C) was developed by following the Brislin translation model of translation, back translation, cultural adaptation and questionnaire epistemological survey.Five experts and 1 071 medical staff from 24 healthcare organizations in Zhejiang province were selected to conduct the validity and reliability test of the HLHO-10-C.Results:The content validity indices at the item level and total questionnaire level of HLHO-10-C were from 0.8 to 1.0 and 0.96 respectively, and the results of the exploratory factor analysis showed good structural validity.Conclusions:HLHO-10-C proves adequate reliability and validity to serve as a tool for healthcare organizations in evaluating and becoming HLHO. It can also help the implementation of the Healthy China Initiative(2019—2030), which is a performance assessment mechanism for health education and promotion of healthcare providers and health care organizations.
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Objective To observe the characteristics of bone development and body development in 3-7 years old children with cerebral palsy. Methods 50 girls and 50 boys aged 3-7 years with cerebral palsy were included. Their height, weight, length of right and left upper ex-tremities, and both hands bone age were measured by trained professionals. Results Their bone ages of both hands were 1 year younger than actual age (P0.05). Their height growth was in line with the normal children, while the weight growth was a little different. Both sides of upper limbs growed synchronously, and slowed down with the time. There was no significant difference in both sides (P>0.05). Conclusion The bone development of children with cerebral palsy lags behind the life age. Their height growth is close to normal children. The development shows no no significant lateral dominance.
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@#Objective To observe the characteristics of bone development and body development in 3-7 years old children with cerebral palsy. Methods 50 girls and 50 boys aged 3-7 years with cerebral palsy were included. Their height, weight, length of right and left upper extremities, and both hands bone age were measured by trained professionals. Results Their bone ages of both hands were 1 year younger than actual age (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between right and left hand bone age (P>0.05). Their height growth was in line with the normal children, while the weight growth was a little different. Both sides of upper limbs growed synchronously, and slowed down with the time. There was no significant difference in both sides (P>0.05). Conclusion The bone development of children with cerebral palsy lags behind the life age. Their height growth is close to normal children. The development shows no no significant lateral dominance.
ABSTRACT
@# Objective To observe the characteristics of bone development and body development in 3-7 years old children with cerebral palsy. Methods 50 girls and 50 boys aged 3-7 years with cerebral palsy were included. Their height, weight, length of right and left upper extremities, and both hands bone age were measured by trained professionals. Results Their bone ages of both hands were 1 year younger than actual age (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between right and left hand bone age (P>0.05). Their height growth was in line with the normal children, while the weight growth was a little different. Both sides of upper limbs growed synchronously, and slowed down with the time. There was no significant difference in both sides (P>0.05). Conclusion The bone development of children with cerebral palsy lags behind the life age. Their height growth is close to normal children. The development shows no no significant lateral dominance.